A 2020 study in Canada of 1,987 pregnant women showed results that 37% of the women showed depression symptoms, 46.3% showed high anxiety levels, and Mental health providers during COVID-19 67.6% showed an increase in pregnancy-correlated anxiety. The pandemic resulted in heightened mental health issues for vulnerable groups, such as pregnant and postpartum women, because of the ‘physiological and psychological changes’ the body undergoes during the stages of pregnancy. Isolation from others and lack of contact with mental health services worsened symptoms. Research reported that psychological stress following strict confinement was moderated by levels of the pre-pandemic stress hormone cortisol and individual coping skills. The Higher Education Policy Institute conducted a study that reported that 63% of students claimed that their mental health had worsened, and that 38% demonstrated satisfaction with the mental health service access. A collection of 29 studies posted in August 2021 by Jamanetwork showed that the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety had doubled during COVID-19.

After the pandemic, recent telehealth patients were more split between in-person and telehealth visits, while recent in-person patients’ preferences were the same. During the pandemic, recent telehealth patients preferred to continue with telehealth, whereas recent in-person patients were split between in-person and no preference. For telehealth appointments, 6 (15.0%) patients rated visits as “somewhat” or “very” inconvenient, citing equipment issues or “other” responses including anxiety, not knowing if the patient should initiate the call, and dislike of video calls. Among patients, 31 attended telehealth visits, while 40 attended in-person visits during the pandemic. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused an unprecedented shift in health care toward telemedicine, including telepsychiatry.

2. Survey

A five-part questionnaire conducted among healthcare workers in Ghana to examine the correlation between COVID-19 and mental health. One study reported that frontline nurses experience higher rates of anxiety, emotional exhaustion, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Latina immigrants were given an increase in caregiving roles with little support from others during the pandemic which played a role in their poor mental health and wellbeing. The COVID-19 pandemic caused an increase in stress and anxiety for nearly everyone worldwide, but more vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, were especially at risk of suffering the psychological effects.

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When pooled through meta‐analyses, we found that PTSD (21.7%), anxiety disorders (16.1%), MDD (13.4%) and acute stress disorder (7.4%) were frequently reported. Understanding the likelihood that staff will experience physical and mental health conditions provides an important initial step in developing and implementing services to manage their short‐ and long‐term effects. Where the study used a specific tool (e.g. Beck depression inventory) and did not report any other measurement except the clinical cut‐off point for diagnosis, the studies were not included in the meta‐analyses of symptom prevalence.

This survey highlights some of the specific challenges faced by LGBTQ youth during the Coronavirus pandemic in 2020, like increased restraints on expressing their gender expression and sexuality. Others who incorporated school routines into their coping mechanisms experienced an increase in depression and difficulty in readjusting to normal routines. The highest levels of anxiety were found in South America (65.7%) and Oceania (64.4%), followed by North America (55.8%) and Europe (48.7%). During the pandemic there was a significant increase in the amount of time children spent on screens, and less on physical activity and sleeping. Rice farming required more coordination than crops like wheat, and rice-farming cultures score higher on measures of collectivism, which research has linked to anxiety.

• This study sought to address the impact of the continued COVID-19 pandemic by examining longitudinal data related to changes in the clinical practice of US mental health providers from December 2019 through March 2021.
• World leaders and other decision makers need to fully realize the crucial importance and value of investing in the mental health and well-being of the healthcare workforce, on individual, organizational, and societal level.
• In mental health, norepinephrine influences mood, motivation, and cognitive functions such as focus and decision-making.
• The research findings are used to generate recommendations and strategies to support policy development, implementation and evaluation for the pandemic recovery.
• Although changes in privacy and safety were rarely mentioned in included studies, they caused a lot of concern among both patients and care providers.

This can provide the healthcare provider with insight into social and environmental conditions at home (204, 209). Issues surrounding privacy and confidentiality must be addressed in settings with less-than-robust healthcare systems and high levels of stigma toward mental health problems (202). Approximately half of the articles in our review described general telemental health care rather than focusing on a specific mental health disorder. We used the telehealth framework developed in 2017 by the National Quality Forum (NQF) (29) to measure telehealth use for delivering healthcare. We excluded any article that was not relevant to mental health or that focused exclusively on telehealth use in medical education or explored the use of telemental health prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Those with mental illnesses are highly vulnerable to suffer exacerbations during times of stress, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, due to their reliance on their social support network and their propensity to loneliness and isolation (2).